论影响麻花钻切削因素之间的关系

学生搞不清楚麻花钻刃磨时几何角度之间的关系,导致麻花钻头的刃磨失败,最终使学生形成了麻花钻内容太难,麻花钻刃磨起来太麻烦的结论。用图示、口诀配合文字讲解的方式讲解标准麻花钻切削部分之间的关系,学生易于接受。     

梭锥管混浊流体分离装置倾角优化数值模拟研究

为了研究锥圈倾角和下锥管倾角对梭锥管内水沙分离效果的影响,在数值模拟计算结果与PIV测试结果一致基础之上,建立了5个不同锥圈倾角和7个不同下锥管倾角的梭锥管模型,采用层流方程和简化的多相流Mixture模型通过数值模拟计算了浑水含沙浓度为5kg/m3时各个梭锥管内部的泥沙浓度和速度场,详细对比分析了不同倾角下梭锥管内的速度场和浓度分布特性。结果表明,在上锥管结构尺寸、锥圈间距不变的条件下,锥圈倾角β与下锥管倾角γ相等且等于45°时,梭锥管水沙分离效果最好,在该角度下锥圈上表面泥沙滑动至排沙通道所需要的时间最短,梭锥管水沙分离效率最高。     

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

Assessment of the hip reduction angle for predicting osteoarthritis of the hip in the Labrador Retriever

Hip palpation has been used to provide semiquantitative information regarding passive joint laxity and susceptibility to hip dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner repeatability of the hip reduction angle measured at 4 months of age by three examiners using manual goniometry and an electromagnetic tracking system; (2) compare the hip reduction angle measured with manual goniometry to the hip reduction angle measured with the electromagnetic tracking system; and (3) evaluate the hip reduction angle, distraction index and Ortolani manoeuvre at 4 months of age as predictors of the development of hip osteoarthritis at 12 months of age in 11 Labrador Retriever dogs. Intra- and inter-examiner repeatability was demonstrated for both the manual and electromagnetic goniometric measurement of the hip reduction angle (coefficient of variation < 4.3% and < 6.1%; and P = 0.163 and P = 0.836 respectively). The hip reduction angle measured by manual goniometry was moderately correlated to the hip reduction angle measured by the electromagnetic tracking system (r = 0.603, P < 0.0000). The hip reduction angle measured by manual and electromagnetic goniometry was a poor predictor of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age (r = 0.231, P < 0.062, and r = 0.321, P < 0.01). The distraction index was moderately correlated with the development of osteoarthritis by 12 months of age (r = 0.493, P < 0.0000). The Ortolani sign was sensitive (100%) but not specific (41%) for the development of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age. The hip reduction angle did not further quantify the Ortolani manoeuvre as a predictor of osteoarthritis in Labrador Retrievers.     

Vehicle Lateral Stability Control Based on Sliding Model Control

In view of the vehicle cornering or path changing under ultimate handling maneuver, a 3-DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamics model which takes the vehicle lateral velocity, yaw rate and body roll angle as the State variables is presented. Based on the dynamic analysis, the method which using additional yaw moment produced by different longitudinal braking force among each wheels to improving vehicle handling stability in emergency situations is discussed. Considering the sideslip angle as one of the vehicle state variables is difficult to measuring, the sideslip angle estimation based on vehicle dynamic model and kinematics is designed. And then, based on the theory of siding model control, the combining sliding model control system is founded, which taking the vehicle yaw rate and body side-slip angle errors between the estimated and the real as the input variables, and taking the braking torque and the steering angle as control aims. The simulation results indicate that the control method can effectively improve the vehicle lateral handling stability.     

New Method of Founding Profile Equations and Pressure Angle Formula to the Cylindrical Cam Mechanism with Slide Roller-Follower

According to existent problems on design and application of the cylindrical cam mechanism with the slide roller-follower, the one correct concept about profile design and pressure angle is presented. Based on this concept, the theoretical profile,practical profile,meshing surface equations and pressure angle formula of the cam mechanism are built up by using opp.rotation analysis and offset surface principle. This method is very simple and clear, and avoids the abstract analysing process in meshing principle. The mathematic models built by this paper can be used to design,manufacture and check this type of cam mechanism correctly, and also create conditions to make deeply meshing property analysis of this mechanism.     

倾斜圆盘勺式精密排种器投种过程分析

以种子几何形状和尺寸的变化为基础，分析了倾斜圆盘勺式精密排种器的结构参数和工作参数对实际投种角的影响以及相邻两粒种子在投种过程中的时间间隔偏差，进而建立了种子在种床内粒距实际分布的数学模型。分析结果表明，种子的几何尺寸、投种轮的高度、播种机的前进速度和投种轮的直径影响投种时种子运动的速度和方向，从而导致实际粒距的变化。为保证排种器顺利投种，建立了投种口长度与排种器参数间关系和参数组合的限制条件。     

板料激光斜冲击下受力变形数学分析

金属板材的激光冲击成形通常采用激光束垂直作用于工件表面,产生垂直于表面的冲击波作用力使板料变形,但在曲面零件成形时很难满足法向垂直冲击,因此有必要对斜冲击下板料力学变形特性进行研究。本文研究了激光斜冲击受力变形模型,对板料深度方向(z轴)变形公式、板料短轴(y轴)在水平方向上变形公式进行了理论推导计算,通过把两变形合成,得到短轴(y轴)在空间内总变形公式,最后把实验测量结果与理论计算结果进行了比较,得出两者相符的结论。     

旋耕刀正切刃设计方法的研究

论述了旋耕刀正切刃的设计，推导了正切丸弯折方程，讨论了正切刃滑切角的计算，应用偏心圆方法设计了正切刃，并对有关参数进行了分析。